The function of the axillary lymph nodes, like that of the rest of the lymphatic system, is to defend against foreign particles, provide immunity against microorganisms, and return excess interstitial fluid back to the systemic circulation. On the left, this drains directly drains into the thoracic duct, and on the right, the subclavian trunk drains into the right venous angle via the right lymphatic duct. The efferent vessels from the apical group converge to form the subclavian lymphatic trunk. They receive lymph from all of the groups mentioned above, in addition to the upper breast. In this article, we will focus primarily on the axillary lymph nodes respective to their anatomical features, relations, drainage, surgical considerations, and clinical significance.Īpical (terminal) lymph nodes are located deep in the apex of the axilla. It is, therefore, crucial to have a thorough understanding of this region. Axillary lymphadenopathy is also associated with hematological malignancies, infection, and various autoimmune etiologies. Axillary node involvement is the single most significant prognostic variable for breast cancer patients. The axillary lymph nodes are of particular clinical significance as they are often the first site of breast cancer metastasis. Collectively, they drain the wall of the thorax, breast, arm, and upper abdominal wall above the umbilicus. The axillary lymph nodes arrange into five groups based on their anatomical relations. These remove damaged cells, foreign material, and microorganisms from the lymphatic fluid before returning it to the venous circulation. Lymph nodes contain a range of immune cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages.

The main contents include the brachial plexus, axillary artery and vein, and axillary lymph nodes. doi/full/10.1148/rycan.The axilla is a small anatomical space located between the upper thoracic wall and the arm. COVID-19 vaccination-related lymphadenopathy: What to be aware of. Profiles of axillary lymphadenopathy without breast lesions: An analysis of 62 patients who underwent axillary lymph nodes biopsies. Unilateral axillary adenopathy in the setting of COVID-19 vaccine. cancer/cancer-basics/lymph-nodes-and-cancer.html Bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy: Differential diagnosis and management. topics/medicine-and-dentistry/axillary-lymphadenopathy You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations.

other surgeries related to the specific cancer, such as lumpectomy for breast cancer.

This cancer specialist will stage the cancer and then determine the most appropriate treatment for your condition, such as: If your condition is deemed cancerous, your doctor will refer you to an oncologist. However, prompt diagnosis and treatment is crucial in preventing the further spread of cancer to other lymph nodes, as well as vital organs. Malignant causes of axillary lymphadenopathy aren’t as common. This may help to reduce the size of lymph nodes as well as pain and tenderness. However, if your condition is caused by an infection, or an autoimmune or inflammatory disease, your doctor may prescribe steroid treatment. Benign cases that don’t cause any other symptoms may be treated with a watchful approach only. Treating axillary lymphadenopathy depends on the underlying cause.

other cancers that have metastasized to the lymph nodes.

Cancers that may cause this condition include: Sometimes an armpit lump may be caused by a:Īs you age, there’s a greater risk that axillary lymphadenopathy could have a malignant cause.

sarcoidosis, which creates clusters of inflammatory cells.

autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

Infections or medical conditions that may cause lymph node swelling in the axillary include: It may be temporary, such as in the case of an infection, or long term depending on whether it’s caused by cancer or a chronic medical condition. What are the causes of axillary lymphadenopathy?Īxillary lymphadenopathy may be attributed to numerous causes.

Lymph nodes armpit